VAM FERTILIZER(MYCORRHIZA+EM)

Vesicular-Arbuscular Mycorrhiza (VAM), now more commonly called Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi (AMF), is a naturally occurring beneficial fungus that lives in association with the roots of most terrestrial plants. It forms a mutually beneficial (symbiotic) relationship, where both the fungus and the plant benefit.

The fungus penetrates the root cortex and develops specialized structures called arbuscules (tree-like nutrient exchange structures) and vesicles (food storage organs). From the roots, the fungus extends a network of microscopic filaments called hyphae into the surrounding soil, greatly increasing the plant's ability to absorb water and nutrients.

VAM (Vesicular-Arbuscular Mycorrhiza) is a beneficial fungal biofertilizer that forms a symbiotic relationship with plant roots. The fungal hyphae extend beyond the root system, helping plants absorb water and nutrients—especially phosphorus—more efficiently.

HOW VAM WORKS???????

1. Root Colonization

After application, VAM spores germinate in moist soil and attach to young plant roots. The fungus enters the root tissues without causing disease.

2. Formation of Arbuscules

Inside the root cells, VAM develops arbuscules, where nutrients are exchanged:

• Plant supplies carbohydrates (sugars) to the fungus.
• Fungus supplies nutrients and water to the plant.

3. Formation of Vesicles

The fungus also forms vesicles, which act as storage organs for nutrients and energy.

4. Hyphal Network

The fungal hyphae spread several centimeters beyond the root zone, reaching nutrients and moisture that roots alone cannot access.

 

MAJOR FUNCTIONS OF VAM

Enhanced Phosphorus Uptake

Phosphorus is one of the least mobile nutrients in soil. VAM hyphae explore a much larger soil volume than roots alone, making phosphorus more available to plants.

Improved Water Absorption

The fungal network acts as an extension of the root system, helping plants tolerate drought by accessing water from deeper and finer soil pores.

Better Micronutrient Uptake

VAM improves the uptake of:

• Zinc (Zn)
• Copper (Cu)
• Iron (Fe)
• Manganese (Mn)
• Calcium (Ca)
• Sulfur (S)

Strong Root Development

Plants treated with VAM develop:

• Larger root systems
• More root hairs
• Increased branching
• Improved root biomass

Disease Suppression

Although VAM is not a fungicide, it can reduce the impact of soil-borne pathogens by:

• Occupying root infection sites
• Improving plant nutrition
• Stimulating natural plant defense mechanisms
• Enhancing beneficial soil microorganisms

BENEFITS OF VAM BIOFERTILIZER............

• mproves root growth and branching.
• Increases phosphorus use efficiency.
• Enhances nutrient uptake.
• Improves drought tolerance.
• Increases crop yield and quality.
• Promotes early flowering and fruiting.
• Improves seedling establishment.
• Reduces transplant shock.
• Improves soil microbial diversity.
• Enhances soil aggregation and structure.
• Reduces dependence on chemical phosphorus fertilizers.
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APPLICATION METHODS 

At Nursery Stage

• Mix VAM with potting mixture before planting seedlings.

During Transplanting

• Place VAM directly near the root system.

Field Application

• Mix with compost or FYM and apply around the root zone.

Drip Irrigation

• Some liquid AMF formulations are compatible with drip systems, but check the manufacturer's recommendations.

RECOMMENDED DOSE 

• Young palms: 50–100 g VAM culture per palm.
• Bearing palms: 100–200 g VAM culture per palm.
• Mix with 10–20 kg well-decomposed farmyard manure (FYM) or compost and apply around the active root zone (about 1–1.5 m from the trunk). Irrigate after application if soil is dry.

SUMMARY