DISEASE AND PEST MANAGEMENT IN REDGRAM

DISEASE AND PEST MANAGEMENT IN REDGRAM

Diseases:

The important diseases of Redgram are Wilt, Sterility mosaic disease, Phytophthora blight, Alternaria blight, Powdery mildew. Symptoms of these disease and their suitable control measures are discussed below.

1.Wilt:

Symptoms:

  • Xylem gradually develops black streaks, dark purple bands appear on the stem surface plants extending upwards from the base. 
  • Main stem of such plants is split open, intensive blackening of the xylem can be seen.
  • In humid weather, a pinkish mycelial growth is commonly observed the basal portions of the wilted plants. It may be seen in seedling, flowering & vegetative stage.

Management:

  • Seed Treatment with Trichoderma viride @ 10 g/kg of seed or Thirum (2 gm) + Carbendazim (1gm)/kg of seed.
  • Soil application-T. viride–2.5 kg/ha + 50 kg of well decomposed FYM or sand at 30 days after sowing.
  • Mixed cropping with sorghum.
  • Uproot wilted plants.
  • Avoid over or under watering plants.
  • Amendment of soil with oil cakes, appliances of trace elements such as boron, zinc and manganese and heavy dose of green leaf manure crops.
  • Grow resistant varieties like Amar, Azad, Asha (IPCL-87119), Maruthi, C-11, BDN-1, BDN-2, NP-5, JKM-189, C-11, JKM-7, BSMR-853 & BSMR-736 etc.

2. Sterility mosaic disease 

It is caused by mosaic virus and spread from plant to plant under field conditions through Eriophyid mite.  

Symptoms: 

  • Leaves become small and cluster near branch tips & reduced in size. 
  • Plants are pale green and bushy in appearance, without of flowers and pods.
  • Diseased plants are usually in groups. It may be seen in Vegetative growth & Preflowers stage.

Management:

  • Spray Fenazaquin 10 EC (Magister) @ 1 ml/liter of water on 45 and 60 DAS.
  • Rogue out the infected plants in the early stages of growth.
  • Crop rotation with non host crop like,tobacco, sorghum, pearl millet, cotton.
  • Grow resistant varieties like Pusa-885, Asha, Sharad (DA11),Narendra Arhar1, Bahar, BSMR-853, BSMR 736, Rajeev Lochan, BDN-708.

3. Phytophthora blight 

Symptoms:

  • Foliage blight symptoms are circular or irregular water soaked lesions on leaves. 
  • The lesions on stems and branches increases rapidly, girdles, cracks and dries the stem. 
  • Infected stem and branches break easily in the wind.

Management:

  • Treat the seed with Metalaxyl 35 WS @3 g/ kg of seed.
  • Good drainage in the fields and the plants should be protected from stem injury
  • Crop rotation should be followed
  • Grow resistant varieties like ICPL 7916/ 12055/12114/12161, JKM-189, JA-4 etc.

4. Alternaria blight:

 Symptoms:

  • Symptoms appear on all aerial part of plants are small, circular, necrotic spots that develop quickly, forming typical concentric rings.
  • The spots are initially light brown and later turn dark brown. 
  • In severe infection, defoliation and drying of infected leaves, branches and flower buds.

Management:

  • Spray the crop with Mancozeb 75 WP @ 2 g/liter or Carbendazim 50 WP @ 1g/liter of water.
  • Cultivation of pigeon pea on ridges with proper drainage system and avoiding the sowing in heavy soil helpful in disease management.
  • Grow resistant varieties like DA- 2, MA 128-1, MA 128-2.

Pests:

1.Pod borers:

 Nature of Damage:

  • It is widely distributed and is the most injurious pest of early and medium maturing varieties.
  • The larvae, after hatching, feed on tender leaves and twigs but a pod formation they puncture pods and feed on developing grains. 
  • It may be seen in vegetative & podding stage.

Management:

  • Use H. armigera pheromone trap @ 12/ha
  • Spray the crop with Emamectin benzoate 5% SG @220 g/ha. or Indoxacarb 15.8% SC @333 ml/ha.
  • The caterpillar should be picked by hand after shaking the plants and destroyed in the early stages of attack.

2. Tur Pod fly: 

  • Nature of damage: 
  • Stripes can be seen on the surface of the affected grains, while the attacked pods are somewhat twisted or deformed.
  • In case of severe damage, as many as 80 per cent pods and 60 per cent grains may be damaged.

Management:

  • Spraying Neem seed kernel extract (NSKE) 5 per cent at 50% flowering stage to manage the insect’s populations.
  • Pest can be controlled by spraying the crop with Monocrotophos (Nuvacron) 36 SL 1 liter in 800-1000 litres of water per hectare.

3. Plume Moth:

  • Nature of damage:
  • The larvae damaged seeds as well cause flowers, buds and pods to drop.
  • The caterpillar is greenish-brown in color and fringed with short hairs and spines.
  • It also enters into the pod and feeds on developing grains.

Management:

  • Apply the Neem oil 2%.
  • Spray the crop with Azadirachtin 0.03 % WSP 2500-5000 g/ha or Emamectin benzoate 5% SG @ 220 g/ha or Indoxacarb 15.8% SC @ 333 ml/ha.

4. Pod-sucking bugs:

  •  Nature of damage: 

  • Damaged seeds become shriveled, and develop dark patches. Shedding of green pods. 

Control Measures:

  • Soil application of carbofuran 3G @ 15 kg/ha at sowing
  • Spray the crop with HaNPV 3 x1012 POB/ha in 0.1% teepol
  • Immature bugs can be handpicked and destroyed
  • The main natural enemies of bugs are egg parasitoids, ants and birds reported reduce feeding by green shield bugs
  • Spraying with aromatic plants (e.g. gums, lantana, Neem-based pesticides).
Back to blog